Counteracting alcoholism
1. Alcohol and the consequences of alcohol abuse
Alcohol is ethyl alcohol (ethanol, C2H50H). In a broad sense, the term "alcohol" applies to drinks containing ethyl alcohol. Ethyl alcohol is found in alcoholic, low-alcohol drinks and beer.
Alcohol abuse (alcoholic, low-alcohol drinks or beer) leads to various negative consequences:
1. social (destruction of social ties, problems at work, family problems, committing offenses, and other negative consequences);
2. personal (deformation of personality, indifference to oneself, one's future and loved ones, weakening of will, prevalence of a single value called "alcohol" and other consequences)
3. medical:
- damage to the central nervous system (brain), which leads to decreased memory, attention, impaired thinking, emotions and other disorders;
- damage to organs and systems of the human body, which leads to the development of liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other diseases);
- development of drug addiction;
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), harmful alcohol consumption causes 3 million deaths worldwide each year, accounting for 5.3% of all deaths. Harmful alcohol consumption is a causal factor in more than 200 health disorders associated with diseases and injuries.
Alcohol has a toxic and psychoactive (narcotic) effect. The consequences of alcohol consumption depend on the individual characteristics of the person drinking it (age, gender, presence of diseases, other characteristics) and the concentration ("degree"), dose and duration of alcohol's effect on the body.
Due to the toxic (poisoning) effect of alcohol, it has a poisonous effect on the entire body, can disrupt the functioning of the brain, cardiovascular system and other organs, body systems, contributes to the development of various diseases, including liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer.
Due to the psychoactive (narcotic) effect of alcohol, it affects the activity of the central nervous system (brain), leading to a change in the mental state, leads to the development of alcohol addiction. The effect of alcohol on the brain causes changes in human behavior and a person's attitude to such behavior, which can lead to negative social consequences, injuries, death from an external cause.
Alcohol abuse leads to the development of a number of drug-related diseases, which differ in severity and in the forms of diseases:
uncomplicated intoxication (alcohol intoxication);
alcohol consumption with harmful consequences;
alcohol withdrawal ("hangover");
alcohol withdrawal with delirium ("delirium tremens");
alcohol dependence syndrome (chronic alcoholism);
psychotic disorders (manifested by hallucinations, distortions of perception, delusions and other manifestations);
amnestic syndrome (memory impairment);
personality disorders and dementia (acquired dementia) due to alcohol consumption.
With continued alcohol abuse, drug-related diseases can change.
Alcohol is ethyl alcohol (ethanol, C2H50H). In a broad sense, the term "alcohol" applies to drinks containing ethyl alcohol. Ethyl alcohol is found in alcoholic, low-alcohol drinks and beer.
Alcohol abuse (alcoholic, low-alcohol drinks or beer) leads to various negative consequences:
1. social (destruction of social ties, problems at work, family problems, committing offenses, and other negative consequences);
2. personal (deformation of personality, indifference to oneself, one's future and loved ones, weakening of will, prevalence of a single value called "alcohol" and other consequences)
3. medical:
- damage to the central nervous system (brain), which leads to decreased memory, attention, impaired thinking, emotions and other disorders;
- damage to organs and systems of the human body, which leads to the development of liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other diseases);
- development of drug addiction;
- poisoning, death.
Alcohol has a toxic and psychoactive (narcotic) effect. The consequences of alcohol consumption depend on the individual characteristics of the person drinking it (age, gender, presence of diseases, other characteristics) and the concentration ("degree"), dose and duration of alcohol's effect on the body.
Due to the toxic (poisoning) effect of alcohol, it has a poisonous effect on the entire body, can disrupt the functioning of the brain, cardiovascular system and other organs, body systems, contributes to the development of various diseases, including liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer.
Due to the psychoactive (narcotic) effect of alcohol, it affects the activity of the central nervous system (brain), leading to a change in the mental state, leads to the development of alcohol addiction. The effect of alcohol on the brain causes changes in human behavior and a person's attitude to such behavior, which can lead to negative social consequences, injuries, death from an external cause.
Alcohol abuse leads to the development of a number of drug-related diseases, which differ in severity and in the forms of diseases:
uncomplicated intoxication (alcohol intoxication);
alcohol consumption with harmful consequences;
alcohol withdrawal ("hangover");
alcohol withdrawal with delirium ("delirium tremens");
alcohol dependence syndrome (chronic alcoholism);
psychotic disorders (manifested by hallucinations, distortions of perception, delusions and other manifestations);
amnestic syndrome (memory impairment);
personality disorders and dementia (acquired dementia) due to alcohol consumption.
With continued alcohol abuse, drug-related diseases can change.
The person continues to abuse alcohol
- uncomplicated intoxication (alcohol intoxication);
- alcohol consumption with harmful consequences;
- alcohol withdrawal ("hangover");
- alcohol dependence syndrome (chronic alcoholism);
- alcohol withdrawal with delirium ("delirium tremens");
- psychotic disorders (manifested by hallucinations, distortions of perception, delusions and other manifestations);
- amnestic syndrome (memory impairment due to alcohol consumption);
- personality disorders, dementia (acquired dementia) due to alcohol consumption.
One of the most common consequences of human alcohol abuse is the development of alcohol dependence in a person (alcohol dependence syndrome, chronic alcoholism).
Alcohol dependence syndrome is a complex of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena, based on which alcohol consumption occupies a dominant position in the human value system, replacing other forms of behavior that were previously more important. The main characteristic of addictive behavior is an irresistible desire to drink alcohol, accompanied by an increase in tolerance (resistance) to alcohol and pronounced psychological and physiological symptoms.
Beer alcoholism. For some people, beer is a symbol of communication with friends, watching football and other fun activities. Unfortunately, few people think that this is also an alcoholic beverage that leads to alcoholism. Beer destroys the human body and brain no less than alcoholic beverages with a high alcohol content. Beer also leads to the development of drug addiction.
Alcohol dependence syndrome is a drug addiction disease. If a person has alcohol addiction, medical measures must be taken without fail. The presence of drug addiction can be determined by a specialist doctor (psychiatrist-narcologist), to whom a person can turn as part of the provision of drug addiction assistance, including anonymously.
Conclusions.
Alcohol is harmful to the health of a drinker.
Alcohol-related harm goes far beyond the health of a drinker.
Alcohol is harmful to the well-being and health of those around drinkers.
Alcohol is associated with many serious social aspects and developmental problems, including violence, child neglect and abuse, as well as absenteeism and crime.
- uncomplicated intoxication (alcohol intoxication);- alcohol consumption with harmful consequences;
- alcohol withdrawal ("hangover");
- alcohol dependence syndrome (chronic alcoholism);
- alcohol withdrawal with delirium ("delirium tremens");
- psychotic disorders (manifested by hallucinations, distortions of perception, delusions and other manifestations);
- amnestic syndrome (memory impairment due to alcohol consumption);
- personality disorders, dementia (acquired dementia) due to alcohol consumption.
One of the most common consequences of human alcohol abuse is the development of alcohol dependence in a person (alcohol dependence syndrome, chronic alcoholism).
Alcohol dependence syndrome is a complex of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena, based on which alcohol consumption occupies a dominant position in the human value system, replacing other forms of behavior that were previously more important. The main characteristic of addictive behavior is an irresistible desire to drink alcohol, accompanied by an increase in tolerance (resistance) to alcohol and pronounced psychological and physiological symptoms.
Beer alcoholism. For some people, beer is a symbol of communication with friends, watching football and other fun activities. Unfortunately, few people think that this is also an alcoholic beverage that leads to alcoholism. Beer destroys the human body and brain no less than alcoholic beverages with a high alcohol content. Beer also leads to the development of drug addiction.
Alcohol dependence syndrome is a drug addiction disease. If a person has alcohol addiction, medical measures must be taken without fail. The presence of drug addiction can be determined by a specialist doctor (psychiatrist-narcologist), to whom a person can turn as part of the provision of drug addiction assistance, including anonymously.
Conclusions.
Alcohol is harmful to the health of a drinker.
Alcohol-related harm goes far beyond the health of a drinker.
Alcohol is harmful to the well-being and health of those around drinkers.
Alcohol is associated with many serious social aspects and developmental problems, including violence, child neglect and abuse, as well as absenteeism and crime.
2. The amount of alcohol consumed and the likelihood of developing harm to the health of a drinker
Alcohol consumption is a causal factor in more than 200 health problems associated with diseases and injuries. Alcohol consumption is a major preventable risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver, some types of cancer and cardiovascular pathology, as well as infectious diseases, injuries due to acts of violence and road accidents.
The amount of alcohol consumed directly determines the likelihood of developing alcohol-related health problems for a person.
To calculate the amount of alcohol consumed, such a unit of calculation as a standard unit (dose) of alcohol or a serving of alcohol is used.
One serving of alcohol = 10 ml (8 g) of ethanol (alcohol)!
One serving of alcohol is contained:
in 250 ml of beer with 5% strength; in 125-150 ml of dry wine (9-11%);
in 70 ml of fortified wine (18%);
in 25-30 ml of strong drinks (40%).
To calculate the number of servings of alcohol in an alcoholic drink, multiply the volume of the drink in liters by its strength and by the conversion factor of 0.79.
Example. 0.5 liters of beer with a strength of 5% contains 2 servings of alcohol. 0.5 * 5 * 0.79 = 1.975.
250 ml of vodka (0.25 l) with a strength of 40% contains 8 servings of alcohol. 0.25 * 40 * 0.79 = 7.9.
The World Health Organization does not recommend drinking alcohol to the following categories of people:
pregnant women;
minors;
people with chronic diseases;
people whose immediate relatives are sick with alcoholism;
people who are addicted to narcotic and non-narcotic substances; people with unstable psyche. For other people, alcohol doses are divided into three groups - according to the level of risk of developing negative consequences that the corresponding dose of alcohol represents for the body.
Alcohol consumption is a causal factor in more than 200 health problems associated with diseases and injuries. Alcohol consumption is a major preventable risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver, some types of cancer and cardiovascular pathology, as well as infectious diseases, injuries due to acts of violence and road accidents.
The amount of alcohol consumed directly determines the likelihood of developing alcohol-related health problems for a person.
To calculate the amount of alcohol consumed, such a unit of calculation as a standard unit (dose) of alcohol or a serving of alcohol is used.
One serving of alcohol = 10 ml (8 g) of ethanol (alcohol)!
One serving of alcohol is contained:
in 250 ml of beer with 5% strength; in 125-150 ml of dry wine (9-11%);
in 70 ml of fortified wine (18%);
in 25-30 ml of strong drinks (40%).
To calculate the number of servings of alcohol in an alcoholic drink, multiply the volume of the drink in liters by its strength and by the conversion factor of 0.79.
Example. 0.5 liters of beer with a strength of 5% contains 2 servings of alcohol. 0.5 * 5 * 0.79 = 1.975.
250 ml of vodka (0.25 l) with a strength of 40% contains 8 servings of alcohol. 0.25 * 40 * 0.79 = 7.9.
The World Health Organization does not recommend drinking alcohol to the following categories of people:
pregnant women;
minors;
people with chronic diseases;
people whose immediate relatives are sick with alcoholism;
people who are addicted to narcotic and non-narcotic substances; people with unstable psyche. For other people, alcohol doses are divided into three groups - according to the level of risk of developing negative consequences that the corresponding dose of alcohol represents for the body.
Low risk level.
This level implies that alcohol does not have a significant negative impact on health. If the level of alcohol consumption fits into these limits, it means that a person drinks alcohol moderately, without significant risk to health.
For men: per day - less than 3 servings of alcohol (30 ml of ethanol)
per week - less than 21 servings (210 ml of ethanol) distributed throughout the week (2 days out of 7 - without alcohol).
For women: per day - less than 2 servings (20 ml of ethanol);
less than 14 servings per week (140 ml of ethanol) distributed throughout the week (2 days out of 7 - without
Hazardous risk level.
This level implies that alcohol can cause serious harm to the body. If the consumption level is within these limits, then the person is in the danger zone, and it is worth considering reducing the dose to lower values.
For men: 3-6 servings per day (30-60 ml of ethanol) or 21-35 servings per week (210-350 ml of ethanol).
For women: 2-5 servings per day (20-50 ml of ethanol) or 14-28 servings per week (140-280 ml of ethanol).
Harmful risk level.
This level implies that alcohol is guaranteed to lead to serious health problems, including mental health problems (excluding the development of alcoholism). If the alcohol consumption level is closest to these indicators, the person is in the maximum risk zone: it is necessary to urgently reduce the amount alcohol consumed!
For men: more than 6 servings per day (60 ml of ethanol) or more than 35 servings (350 ml of ethanol) per week.
For women: more than 5 servings per day (50 ml of ethanol) or more than 28 servings per week (280 ml of ethanol).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), excessive (hazardous or risky) alcohol consumption is defined as levels or types of alcohol that, if continued, will result in harm to health (i.e., what may later become abuse – harmful consumption). According to the WHO, this type of consumption is observed when men drink more than 3-4 servings of alcohol per day, and women drink more than 2-3 servings of alcohol per day.
This level implies that alcohol does not have a significant negative impact on health. If the level of alcohol consumption fits into these limits, it means that a person drinks alcohol moderately, without significant risk to health.
For men: per day - less than 3 servings of alcohol (30 ml of ethanol)
per week - less than 21 servings (210 ml of ethanol) distributed throughout the week (2 days out of 7 - without alcohol).
For women: per day - less than 2 servings (20 ml of ethanol);
less than 14 servings per week (140 ml of ethanol) distributed throughout the week (2 days out of 7 - without
Hazardous risk level.
This level implies that alcohol can cause serious harm to the body. If the consumption level is within these limits, then the person is in the danger zone, and it is worth considering reducing the dose to lower values.
For men: 3-6 servings per day (30-60 ml of ethanol) or 21-35 servings per week (210-350 ml of ethanol).
For women: 2-5 servings per day (20-50 ml of ethanol) or 14-28 servings per week (140-280 ml of ethanol).
Harmful risk level.
This level implies that alcohol is guaranteed to lead to serious health problems, including mental health problems (excluding the development of alcoholism). If the alcohol consumption level is closest to these indicators, the person is in the maximum risk zone: it is necessary to urgently reduce the amount alcohol consumed!
For men: more than 6 servings per day (60 ml of ethanol) or more than 35 servings (350 ml of ethanol) per week.
For women: more than 5 servings per day (50 ml of ethanol) or more than 28 servings per week (280 ml of ethanol).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), excessive (hazardous or risky) alcohol consumption is defined as levels or types of alcohol that, if continued, will result in harm to health (i.e., what may later become abuse – harmful consumption). According to the WHO, this type of consumption is observed when men drink more than 3-4 servings of alcohol per day, and women drink more than 2-3 servings of alcohol per day.
3. Prevention of alcohol abuse
Circumstances that increase the likelihood of alcohol abuse are called risk factors for alcohol abuse. Circumstances that reliably reduce the likelihood of alcohol abuse are called protective factors against alcohol abuse.
Alcohol abuse is the result of a complex interaction of biological, psychological, social and spiritual factors, which in turn are influenced by the nature of a person's alcohol consumption (concentration ("degree"), dose and duration of alcohol exposure to the body).
The presence of risk factors, the absence or lack of protective factors increases the likelihood of alcohol abuse.
Prevention of alcohol abuse is a set of measures aimed at preventing alcohol abuse.
The main goal of preventive work is to minimize the risk factors for alcohol abuse, the formation and strengthening of protective factors.
Preventive interventions are divided into three types: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. The content of each type of preventive intervention consists of work with various target groups:
Primary prevention is work with the conditionally healthy population, the formation of sobriety and stability skills.
Secondary prevention is work with a risk group, with individuals who abuse alcohol but have not yet developed alcohol dependence; the main work is aimed at refusing or reducing alcohol consumption.
Tertiary prevention is work with individuals suffering from alcohol dependence (chronic alcoholism), carried out during the rehabilitation period and then during remission (non-consumption) and during the period of full recovery, aimed at preventing breakdowns.
Depending on the object of preventive action, general, group, and individual prevention are distinguished.
Particular attention should be paid to individual prevention.
All people have unique physiological and psychological properties and differ in the characteristics of the social situation. Each person does not exist in a vacuum, but lives in a certain environment (in a certain area, in a certain locality, among certain neighbors). At the same time, each person experiences the influence of their environment and influences their environment. A person's environment can vary significantly in the accepted nature of alcohol and other addictive substance use. Individual risk of alcohol abuse varies depending on life circumstances. If a person has experienced or is currently experiencing high levels of stress and does not have sufficient stress protection strategies (problem solving skills, communication skills, the ability to form close relationships), then the risk of alcohol abuse can be quite high. Alcohol consumption by a person can serve the function of relieving physical or emotional pain, and can also be used to enhance positive feelings. Early detection of persons abusing alcohol, identification of persons suffering from alcohol dependence, and comprehensive preventive work with them is one of the priority areas of activity of government agencies, organizations and other organizations engaged in the prevention of drunkenness and alcoholism.
Preventive work should be carried out individually with each person who abuses alcohol.
Preventive work should take into account not only the influence of medical factors, but also other factors, including social ones.
Preventive work aimed at only one group of factors is ineffective.
Government agencies, organizations and other organizations that carry out activities to prevent drunkenness and alcoholism should work together to identify and eliminate risk factors, form and strengthen protective factors: social, psychological, biological, spiritual.
Circumstances that increase the likelihood of alcohol abuse are called risk factors for alcohol abuse. Circumstances that reliably reduce the likelihood of alcohol abuse are called protective factors against alcohol abuse.
Alcohol abuse is the result of a complex interaction of biological, psychological, social and spiritual factors, which in turn are influenced by the nature of a person's alcohol consumption (concentration ("degree"), dose and duration of alcohol exposure to the body).
The presence of risk factors, the absence or lack of protective factors increases the likelihood of alcohol abuse.
Prevention of alcohol abuse is a set of measures aimed at preventing alcohol abuse.
The main goal of preventive work is to minimize the risk factors for alcohol abuse, the formation and strengthening of protective factors.
Preventive interventions are divided into three types: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. The content of each type of preventive intervention consists of work with various target groups:
Primary prevention is work with the conditionally healthy population, the formation of sobriety and stability skills.
Secondary prevention is work with a risk group, with individuals who abuse alcohol but have not yet developed alcohol dependence; the main work is aimed at refusing or reducing alcohol consumption.
Tertiary prevention is work with individuals suffering from alcohol dependence (chronic alcoholism), carried out during the rehabilitation period and then during remission (non-consumption) and during the period of full recovery, aimed at preventing breakdowns.
Depending on the object of preventive action, general, group, and individual prevention are distinguished.
Particular attention should be paid to individual prevention.
All people have unique physiological and psychological properties and differ in the characteristics of the social situation. Each person does not exist in a vacuum, but lives in a certain environment (in a certain area, in a certain locality, among certain neighbors). At the same time, each person experiences the influence of their environment and influences their environment. A person's environment can vary significantly in the accepted nature of alcohol and other addictive substance use. Individual risk of alcohol abuse varies depending on life circumstances. If a person has experienced or is currently experiencing high levels of stress and does not have sufficient stress protection strategies (problem solving skills, communication skills, the ability to form close relationships), then the risk of alcohol abuse can be quite high. Alcohol consumption by a person can serve the function of relieving physical or emotional pain, and can also be used to enhance positive feelings. Early detection of persons abusing alcohol, identification of persons suffering from alcohol dependence, and comprehensive preventive work with them is one of the priority areas of activity of government agencies, organizations and other organizations engaged in the prevention of drunkenness and alcoholism.
Preventive work should be carried out individually with each person who abuses alcohol.
Preventive work should take into account not only the influence of medical factors, but also other factors, including social ones.
Preventive work aimed at only one group of factors is ineffective.
Government agencies, organizations and other organizations that carry out activities to prevent drunkenness and alcoholism should work together to identify and eliminate risk factors, form and strengthen protective factors: social, psychological, biological, spiritual.
4. Drug addiction treatment
To successfully provide assistance to a person who abuses alcohol, it is necessary to determine whether he or she has any drug addiction disorder, and if so, to determine the appropriateness of treatment measures and the purpose of treatment, select a treatment program, form motivation for treatment, conduct treatment, and medical rehabilitation. These measures are carried out within the framework of drug addiction treatment, the procedure for which is established by health care legislation.
Drug addiction treatment is specialized medical care that includes prevention, diagnosis, treatment of drug addiction disorders, and medical rehabilitation of patients with drug addiction disorders.
Thus, drug addiction treatment includes several components:
diagnosis;
medical prevention;
treatment;
medical rehabilitation.
A mandatory condition for the provision of drug addiction treatment is the person's consent, with the exception of cases established by law.
In accordance with Article 30 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Healthcare”, compulsory examination for the purpose of establishing a diagnosis of chronic alcoholism, drug addiction, and substance abuse is carried out on the basis of a resolution of the internal affairs bodies, and compulsory treatment is carried out by a court decision in the manner established by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus. Stages of drug addiction treatment (these stages are carried out not only when using alcohol, but also other psychoactive substances (PAS).
Stage 1 - diagnostics (identification) of patients using PAS. At this stage, a diagnosis is made, the appropriateness of treatment measures is determined, treatment goals are set, a treatment program is selected, and motivation for treatment is formed. It is carried out both in outpatient and inpatient settings. This stage takes from 1 to 5 days. The diagnosis of drug addiction disorder is established by a psychiatrist-narcologist taking into account the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.
Stage 2 - stopping the use of PAS (detoxification). The main goal is to treat the withdrawal state, as well as to increase the patient's motivation for further treatment of the addiction syndrome. Treatment is carried out both in outpatient and inpatient settings. This stage takes from 1 week to 1 month, depending on the type of PA.
Stage 3 - treatment of the addiction syndrome includes suppression of cravings for psychoactive substances and stabilization of the state of sobriety through the use of individual and group supportive psychotherapy and psychological correction, and, if necessary, the use of medications. The duration of the stage is from 1 to 6 months.
Stage 4 - medical rehabilitation, including psychotherapy, psychological assistance and social work with the patient after achieving abstinence from psychoactive substances. This stage is aimed at preventing relapses of the addiction syndrome (preventing the resumption of alcohol or other psychoactive substances). It is implemented through the patient's stay in both inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation departments (centers), long-term supportive psychotherapy in outpatient settings. The post-rehabilitation phase involves visiting self-help groups "Alcoholics Anonymous" or "Narcotics Anonymous" and others, participation in therapeutic patient communities at healthcare organizations. This stage, by agreement with the patient, can last indefinitely.
Addiction treatment can be provided at the district, interdistrict, regional and republican levels.
For residents of the Minsk region, drug addiction treatment at the regional level is provided in the health care institution "Minsk Regional Clinical Center "Psychiatry-Narcology" (Minsk, 7 P. Brovka St.), and at the republican level in the state institution "Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health" (Novinki).
Drug addiction treatment can be provided anonymously (the procedure for providing anonymous medical care is established by law).
The procedure and conditions for providing drug addiction treatment, including anonymously, can be found in the drug addiction office of the polyclinic at your place of residence.
Contacts of health care institutions in the Minsk region providing outpatient drug addiction treatment are attached to these materials.
To successfully provide assistance to a person who abuses alcohol, it is necessary to determine whether he or she has any drug addiction disorder, and if so, to determine the appropriateness of treatment measures and the purpose of treatment, select a treatment program, form motivation for treatment, conduct treatment, and medical rehabilitation. These measures are carried out within the framework of drug addiction treatment, the procedure for which is established by health care legislation.
Drug addiction treatment is specialized medical care that includes prevention, diagnosis, treatment of drug addiction disorders, and medical rehabilitation of patients with drug addiction disorders.
Thus, drug addiction treatment includes several components:
diagnosis;
medical prevention;
treatment;
medical rehabilitation.
A mandatory condition for the provision of drug addiction treatment is the person's consent, with the exception of cases established by law.
In accordance with Article 30 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Healthcare”, compulsory examination for the purpose of establishing a diagnosis of chronic alcoholism, drug addiction, and substance abuse is carried out on the basis of a resolution of the internal affairs bodies, and compulsory treatment is carried out by a court decision in the manner established by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus. Stages of drug addiction treatment (these stages are carried out not only when using alcohol, but also other psychoactive substances (PAS).
Stage 1 - diagnostics (identification) of patients using PAS. At this stage, a diagnosis is made, the appropriateness of treatment measures is determined, treatment goals are set, a treatment program is selected, and motivation for treatment is formed. It is carried out both in outpatient and inpatient settings. This stage takes from 1 to 5 days. The diagnosis of drug addiction disorder is established by a psychiatrist-narcologist taking into account the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.
Stage 2 - stopping the use of PAS (detoxification). The main goal is to treat the withdrawal state, as well as to increase the patient's motivation for further treatment of the addiction syndrome. Treatment is carried out both in outpatient and inpatient settings. This stage takes from 1 week to 1 month, depending on the type of PA.
Stage 3 - treatment of the addiction syndrome includes suppression of cravings for psychoactive substances and stabilization of the state of sobriety through the use of individual and group supportive psychotherapy and psychological correction, and, if necessary, the use of medications. The duration of the stage is from 1 to 6 months.
Stage 4 - medical rehabilitation, including psychotherapy, psychological assistance and social work with the patient after achieving abstinence from psychoactive substances. This stage is aimed at preventing relapses of the addiction syndrome (preventing the resumption of alcohol or other psychoactive substances). It is implemented through the patient's stay in both inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation departments (centers), long-term supportive psychotherapy in outpatient settings. The post-rehabilitation phase involves visiting self-help groups "Alcoholics Anonymous" or "Narcotics Anonymous" and others, participation in therapeutic patient communities at healthcare organizations. This stage, by agreement with the patient, can last indefinitely.
Addiction treatment can be provided at the district, interdistrict, regional and republican levels.
For residents of the Minsk region, drug addiction treatment at the regional level is provided in the health care institution "Minsk Regional Clinical Center "Psychiatry-Narcology" (Minsk, 7 P. Brovka St.), and at the republican level in the state institution "Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health" (Novinki).
Drug addiction treatment can be provided anonymously (the procedure for providing anonymous medical care is established by law).
The procedure and conditions for providing drug addiction treatment, including anonymously, can be found in the drug addiction office of the polyclinic at your place of residence.
Contacts of health care institutions in the Minsk region providing outpatient drug addiction treatment are attached to these materials.
5. Features of treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome (chronic alcoholism)
Alcohol dependence syndrome (chronic alcoholism) is a chronic disease. After abstinence from alcohol consumption or after any course of treatment (after "coding"), complete recovery does not occur (the disease "does not disappear").
Treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome (chronic alcoholism) is a multi-component, multi-stage process.
After any course of treatment (including "coding"), other methods of treatment and rehabilitation should be used.
When refusing to drink alcohol, as a result of treatment and rehabilitation, it is possible to achieve a long (tens of years) period of abstinence from alcohol consumption (remission period).
In narcological practice, the minimum period of abstinence from alcohol consumption (remission period), which may indicate positive results and a positive prognosis, is 1 year.
One of the important components of the patient's treatment is attending self-help groups, for example, the society "Alcoholics Anonymous". The basis of the program of this society is the so-called "Twelve Steps". Completing the "Twelve Steps" program and attending meetings of the self-help groups of the society "Alcoholics Anonymous" are recommended for each patient with addiction after completing assistance in inpatient or semi-inpatient conditions, in combination with treatment by a narcologist or psychotherapist.
The most significant effect in the treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome is medical rehabilitation, including psychotherapy, psychological assistance and social work with the patient after achieving abstinence from alcohol consumption. The healthcare institution "Minsk Regional Clinical Center "Psychiatry-Narcology" (Minsk, ul. P. Brovka, 7) has a rehabilitation narcological department, where the rehabilitation program "Istok" is implemented (hereinafter - the rehabilitation narcological department), as well as an inpatient narcological department (urban settlement Pleshchenitsy, Logoisk district). Residents of the Minsk region have the opportunity to undergo an inpatient rehabilitation course for free (upon referral from a district psychiatrist-narcologist).
The rehabilitation narcological department implements an inpatient comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients
with addictions (alcohol, drugs, gambling), designed for 29 days. The comprehensive approach is based on the simultaneous combination of group and individual psychotherapy and the 12-step program of the Alcoholics and Narcotics Anonymous movement. The work in the rehabilitation drug addiction department is carried out by: a psychiatrist-narcologist, a psychotherapist, psychologists, social workers, and nurses. Additional consultative assistance is provided by medical specialists: a therapist and a neurologist.
Alcohol dependence syndrome (chronic alcoholism) is a chronic disease. After abstinence from alcohol consumption or after any course of treatment (after "coding"), complete recovery does not occur (the disease "does not disappear").
Treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome (chronic alcoholism) is a multi-component, multi-stage process.
After any course of treatment (including "coding"), other methods of treatment and rehabilitation should be used.
When refusing to drink alcohol, as a result of treatment and rehabilitation, it is possible to achieve a long (tens of years) period of abstinence from alcohol consumption (remission period).
In narcological practice, the minimum period of abstinence from alcohol consumption (remission period), which may indicate positive results and a positive prognosis, is 1 year.
One of the important components of the patient's treatment is attending self-help groups, for example, the society "Alcoholics Anonymous". The basis of the program of this society is the so-called "Twelve Steps". Completing the "Twelve Steps" program and attending meetings of the self-help groups of the society "Alcoholics Anonymous" are recommended for each patient with addiction after completing assistance in inpatient or semi-inpatient conditions, in combination with treatment by a narcologist or psychotherapist.
The most significant effect in the treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome is medical rehabilitation, including psychotherapy, psychological assistance and social work with the patient after achieving abstinence from alcohol consumption. The healthcare institution "Minsk Regional Clinical Center "Psychiatry-Narcology" (Minsk, ul. P. Brovka, 7) has a rehabilitation narcological department, where the rehabilitation program "Istok" is implemented (hereinafter - the rehabilitation narcological department), as well as an inpatient narcological department (urban settlement Pleshchenitsy, Logoisk district). Residents of the Minsk region have the opportunity to undergo an inpatient rehabilitation course for free (upon referral from a district psychiatrist-narcologist).
The rehabilitation narcological department implements an inpatient comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients
with addictions (alcohol, drugs, gambling), designed for 29 days. The comprehensive approach is based on the simultaneous combination of group and individual psychotherapy and the 12-step program of the Alcoholics and Narcotics Anonymous movement. The work in the rehabilitation drug addiction department is carried out by: a psychiatrist-narcologist, a psychotherapist, psychologists, social workers, and nurses. Additional consultative assistance is provided by medical specialists: a therapist and a neurologist.
Goals of the rehabilitation program of the rehabilitation drug addiction department:
Formation of motivation for sobriety. Increasing the level of criticality towards the disease.
Psychological education. The opportunity to acquire knowledge on the following issues: symptoms of addiction and how to cope with them, the connection between use and negative consequences for health (physical, mental and spiritual), how to avoid a breakdown, etc.
Socialization. The program helps to learn how to use the help of other people in the recovery process, to rebuild previous relationships with the environment (close and distant), etc.
Psychotherapeutic work aimed at reducing the negative consequences of alcohol abuse, other psychoactive substances and pathological addiction to gambling, correction of the emotional state, teaching constructive conflict resolution, assistance in the formation of individual life values, a sobriety plan, etc.
Development of individual rehabilitation programs based on the principle of cooperation with the patient. Upon exiting the program, each patient receives recommendations for further treatment, taking into account the characteristics of the personality, socialization and severity of the disease.
The conditions for implementing the rehabilitation drug addiction department program are the patient's voluntary consent to participate in the rehabilitation program using psychotherapeutic technologies; acceptance of personal responsibility for the course of the recovery process as a condition for its successful progress.
"What does a rehabilitant do in a rehabilitation drug addiction department?"
Every day is busy. From 7 am to 9 pm, the rehabilitant is busy, he participates in the following processes: exercise, lectures, psychotherapeutic groups (aimed at solving emotional problems, conflicts), groups for training in the 12-step recovery program, individual sessions with a psychologist, doing "homework" (aimed at working through addiction problems), watching program films and much more.
Close relatives of addicts are also invited to the rehabilitation program. They participate in psychotherapeutic groups together with patients (multi-family groups) and separately (groups for codependents).
The use of the presented complex of psychotherapeutic measures in the process of addiction treatment has shown that in most cases there is a significant improvement in the psychological state of patients, the level of relapses decreases, relationships with loved ones improve, a new social circle is formed, the addict learns to cope with the disease and manage his life.
HOSPITALIZATION is carried out by appointment with a preliminary consultation before hospitalization.
Recommendations for hospitalization in the rehabilitation drug addiction department:
How to get there? Healthcare institution "Minsk Regional Clinical Center "Psychiatry-Narcology" is located at the address: Minsk, Petrusya Brovka Street, 7.
Travel by metro to the station "Akademiya Nauk" (it is possible to travel from the railway, central bus stations of Minsk) or by bus route No. 100 (the route runs along Nezavisimosti Avenue) to the stop "Brovka P." Petrusya Brovka Street starts from Nezavisimosti Avenue between the Academy of Sciences (1st Clinical Hospital) and the Central Department Store, right next to the "Brovki P." bus stop (from the "Akademiya Nauk" metro station, go along Nezavisimosti Avenue back toward the Central Department Store, quarter 1, pass the 1st Clinical Hospital, turn left onto P. Brovka Street and go toward Platonova Street). The required building is located on the left side of P. Brovka Street (when moving from Nezavisimosti Avenue). The rehabilitation drug addiction department is on the 4th floor.
Hospitalization in the department is carried out by prior appointment by calling:
8 (017) 270-84-50 (psychiatrist-narcologist (head) Irina Stanislavovna Brazevich),
8 (017) 270-72-65 (post of the nurse on duty).
Hospitalization of patients is carried out from 9.00 to 12.00 daily
on weekdays in the presence of negative test results for narcotic, non-narcotic substances, a negative breathalyzer result and without signs of withdrawal.
On Saturday, Sunday and holidays, hospitalization in the department is not carried out.
The rehabilitation department offers a comprehensive program for the treatment of alcohol, drug and gambling addictions, designed for 29 treatment days.
Psychological education. The opportunity to acquire knowledge on the following issues: symptoms of addiction and how to cope with them, the connection between use and negative consequences for health (physical, mental and spiritual), how to avoid a breakdown, etc.
Socialization. The program helps to learn how to use the help of other people in the recovery process, to rebuild previous relationships with the environment (close and distant), etc.
Psychotherapeutic work aimed at reducing the negative consequences of alcohol abuse, other psychoactive substances and pathological addiction to gambling, correction of the emotional state, teaching constructive conflict resolution, assistance in the formation of individual life values, a sobriety plan, etc.
Development of individual rehabilitation programs based on the principle of cooperation with the patient. Upon exiting the program, each patient receives recommendations for further treatment, taking into account the characteristics of the personality, socialization and severity of the disease.
The conditions for implementing the rehabilitation drug addiction department program are the patient's voluntary consent to participate in the rehabilitation program using psychotherapeutic technologies; acceptance of personal responsibility for the course of the recovery process as a condition for its successful progress.
"What does a rehabilitant do in a rehabilitation drug addiction department?"
Every day is busy. From 7 am to 9 pm, the rehabilitant is busy, he participates in the following processes: exercise, lectures, psychotherapeutic groups (aimed at solving emotional problems, conflicts), groups for training in the 12-step recovery program, individual sessions with a psychologist, doing "homework" (aimed at working through addiction problems), watching program films and much more.
Close relatives of addicts are also invited to the rehabilitation program. They participate in psychotherapeutic groups together with patients (multi-family groups) and separately (groups for codependents).
The use of the presented complex of psychotherapeutic measures in the process of addiction treatment has shown that in most cases there is a significant improvement in the psychological state of patients, the level of relapses decreases, relationships with loved ones improve, a new social circle is formed, the addict learns to cope with the disease and manage his life.
HOSPITALIZATION is carried out by appointment with a preliminary consultation before hospitalization.
Recommendations for hospitalization in the rehabilitation drug addiction department:
How to get there? Healthcare institution "Minsk Regional Clinical Center "Psychiatry-Narcology" is located at the address: Minsk, Petrusya Brovka Street, 7.
Travel by metro to the station "Akademiya Nauk" (it is possible to travel from the railway, central bus stations of Minsk) or by bus route No. 100 (the route runs along Nezavisimosti Avenue) to the stop "Brovka P." Petrusya Brovka Street starts from Nezavisimosti Avenue between the Academy of Sciences (1st Clinical Hospital) and the Central Department Store, right next to the "Brovki P." bus stop (from the "Akademiya Nauk" metro station, go along Nezavisimosti Avenue back toward the Central Department Store, quarter 1, pass the 1st Clinical Hospital, turn left onto P. Brovka Street and go toward Platonova Street). The required building is located on the left side of P. Brovka Street (when moving from Nezavisimosti Avenue). The rehabilitation drug addiction department is on the 4th floor.
Hospitalization in the department is carried out by prior appointment by calling:
8 (017) 270-84-50 (psychiatrist-narcologist (head) Irina Stanislavovna Brazevich),
8 (017) 270-72-65 (post of the nurse on duty).
Hospitalization of patients is carried out from 9.00 to 12.00 daily
on weekdays in the presence of negative test results for narcotic, non-narcotic substances, a negative breathalyzer result and without signs of withdrawal.
On Saturday, Sunday and holidays, hospitalization in the department is not carried out.
The rehabilitation department offers a comprehensive program for the treatment of alcohol, drug and gambling addictions, designed for 29 treatment days.
When you enter the department, you must have with you:
- passport,
- referral.
You must take with you:
- change of clothes and shoes
- personal hygiene products
- mug, spoon
- notebook, pen
- food (home-canned food, preserves, seeds, chewing gum, products with poppy seeds, kvass are prohibited). Tea can only be in bags, coffee only instant.
The patient of the rehabilitation department is prohibited from:
- bringing, transferring, storing, consuming alcoholic beverages, narcotic substances, medicines and chemicals;
- store and use laptops, players, fiction, crosswords, magazines, gamble,
- smoke outside designated areas,
- have and use communication devices (phones are kept by the duty personnel)
- leave the department premises without being accompanied by personnel,
- be rude to visitors, medical personnel,
- provoke sexual behavior,
- violate the rules of group psychotherapy.
- passport,
- referral.
You must take with you:
- change of clothes and shoes
- personal hygiene products
- mug, spoon
- notebook, pen
- food (home-canned food, preserves, seeds, chewing gum, products with poppy seeds, kvass are prohibited). Tea can only be in bags, coffee only instant.
The patient of the rehabilitation department is prohibited from:
- bringing, transferring, storing, consuming alcoholic beverages, narcotic substances, medicines and chemicals;
- store and use laptops, players, fiction, crosswords, magazines, gamble,
- smoke outside designated areas,
- have and use communication devices (phones are kept by the duty personnel)
- leave the department premises without being accompanied by personnel,
- be rude to visitors, medical personnel,
- provoke sexual behavior,
- violate the rules of group psychotherapy.
Working hours: MON-THU 8.00-17.00 FRI 8.00-16.00 lunch 12.00-12.48
